Quellen für unsere Empfehlungen

Die Inhalte und Empfehlungen in unserem Dashboard sind wissenschaftlich fundiert und basieren auf qualitativ hochwertigen Forschungsergebnissen. Diese Seite wird regelmäßig mit allen wissenschaftlichen Quellen aktualisiert, die wir zur Unterstützung der Informationen über unsere Biomarker nutzen.

Albumin

• Liver Function Tests. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. 
• Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005 Feb 1; 172(3): 367–379.
• Clinical use of albumin. Blood Transfus. 2013 Sep; 11(Suppl 4): s18–s25.
• Malnutrition: laboratory markers vs nutritional assessment. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2016 Nov; 4(4): 272–280. 
• Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements. Int J Gen Med. 2016; 9: 229–255.
• Guidelines on the management of abnormal liver blood tests. Gut. 2018 Jan;67(1):6-19.
• Human serum albumin homeostasis: a new look at the roles of synthesis, catabolism, renal and gastrointestinal excretion, and the clinical value of serum albumin measurements. Int J Gen Med. 2016; 9: 229–255.
• The impact of hormonal contraceptives on blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Feb; 63(2): 224–231.
• Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism. J Investig Med. 2017 Dec;65(8):1102-1115.

ALP (alkalische Phosphatase)

• Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyltransferase. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
• Alkaline Phosphatase Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-.
• Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005 Feb 1; 172(3): 367–379.
• Approach To A Patient With Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase. Clin Liver Dis. 2012 May; 16(2): 199–229.
• Persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase. BMJ Case Rep. 2012; 2012: bcr2012006768.
• Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression. Future Sci OA. 2018 Jan; 4(1): FSO250.
• Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017 Jul; 13(7): 425–427.
• Are Lifestyle Therapies Effective for NAFLD Treatment? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Oct;30(10):701-709.
• EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1388-402.
• Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism. J Investig Med. 2017 Dec;65(8):1102-1115.

ALT (Alanin-Aminotransferase)

• Serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of health and disease. Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1363-70.
• Genome-wide midrange transcription profiles reveal expression level relationships in human tissue specification. Bioinformatics. 2005 Mar 1;21(5):650-9.
• Alanine aminotransferase in clinical practice. A review. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Feb;151(2):260-5.
• Alanine Aminotransferase-Old Biomarker and New Concept: A Review. Int J Med Sci. 2014; 11(9): 925–935.
• Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005 Feb 1; 172(3): 367–379.
• The prevalence and etiology of elevated aminotransferase levels in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 May;98(5):960-7.
• Serum alanine aminotransferase in skeletal muscle diseases. Hepatology. 2005 Feb;41(2):380-2.
• Serum alanine aminotransferase elevations correlate with serum creatine phosphokinase levels in myositis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Apr;45(4):487-8.
• Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression. Future Sci OA. 2018 Jan; 4(1): FSO250.
• Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017 Jul; 13(7): 425–427.
• Are Lifestyle Therapies Effective for NAFLD Treatment? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Oct;30(10):701-709.
• EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1388-402.
• Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism. J Investig Med. 2017 Dec;65(8):1102-1115.

Bilirubin

• Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005 Feb 1; 172(3): 367–379.
• Physiology, Bilirubin. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-.
• Investigation of liver and biliary disease. BMJ. 2001 Jan 6; 322(7277): 33–36.
• Evaluating Elevated Bilirubin Levels in Asymptomatic Adults. JAMA. 2015 Feb 3; 313(5): 516–517.
• Total bilirubin in athletes, determination of reference range. Biol Sport. 2017 Mar; 34(1): 45–48.
• Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism. J Investig Med. 2017 Dec;65(8):1102-1115.

Cortisol

• Stress and hormones. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan-Mar; 15(1): 18–22.
• Technical and clinical aspects of cortisol as a biochemical marker of chronic stress BMB Rep. 2015 Apr; 48(4): 209–216.
• The regulation of muscle mass by endogenous glucocorticoids. Front Physiol. 2015; 6: 12.
• Occupational status, cortisol secretory pattern, and visceral obesity in middle-aged men. Obes Res. 2000 Sep;8(6):445-50.
• Mindfulness Intervention for Stress Eating to Reduce Cortisol and Abdominal Fat among Overweight and Obese Women: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Study. J Obes. 2011; 2011: 651936.
• Interactions between sleep, stress, and metabolism: From physiological to pathological conditions. Sleep Sci. 2015 Nov; 8(3): 143–152.
• Biological rhythms in man: relationship of sleep-wake, cortisol, growth hormone, and temperature during temporal isolation. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol. 1981;28:475-99.
• Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006 Mar; 83(3): 441–447.
• National Institute of Mental Health: 5 Things You Should Know About Stress
• Exercise and the Cortisol Awakening Response: A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec; 3: 37.
• A day-centered approach to modeling cortisol: Diurnal cortisol profiles and their associations among U.S. adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Oct;38(10):2354-65.
• Exploration of basal diurnal salivary cortisol profiles in middle-aged adults: associations with sleep quality and metabolic parameters. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008 Feb;33(2):143-51.
• Elevated cortisol in older adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder is reduced by treatment: a placebo-controlled evaluation of escitalopram. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011 May; 19(5): 482–490.
• Stress and Eating Behaviors. Minerva Endocrinol. 2013 Sep; 38(3): 255–267.
• The effect of diet components on the level of cortisol. Eur Food Res Technol (2016) 242: 2001.
• Caffeine Stimulation of Cortisol Secretion Across the Waking Hours in Relation to Caffeine Intake Levels Psychosom Med. 2005; 67(5): 734–739.

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosteron)

• Testosterone prohormone supplements. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Aug;38(8):1451-61.
• Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Oct;79(4):1086-90.
• Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Aug;82(8):2396-402.
• Clinical review: DHEA replacement for postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun;96(6):1642-53.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)–a precursor steroid or an active hormone in human physiology. J Sex Med. 2011 Nov;8(11):2960-82.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): hypes and hopes. Drugs. 2014 Jul;74(11):1195-207.
• Altered DHEA and DHEAS response to exercise in healthy older adults. J Aging Phys Act. 2009 Jan;17(1):77-88.
• DHEA, DHEA-S and cortisol responses to acute exercise in older adults in relation to exercise training status and sex. Age (Dordr). 2013 Apr; 35(2): 395–405.

Ferritin

• Ferritin for the Clinician. Blood Rev. 2009 May; 23(3): 95–104.
• Serum Ferritin: Past, Present and Future. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Aug; 1800(8): 760–769.
• Iron Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheets. National Institute of Health.
• Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Common and Curable Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013 Jul; 3(7): a011866. 
• Iron and Mechanisms of Emotional Behavior J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Nov; 25(11): 1101–1107. 
• Correcting iron deficiency. Aust Prescr. 2016 Dec; 39(6): 193–199.
• Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Common and Curable Disease Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013 Jul; 3(7): a011866.
• Current misconceptions in diagnosis and management of iron deficiency.Blood Transfus. 2017 Sep; 15(5): 422–437.
• Plasma Ferritin Determination as a Diagnostic Tool.West J Med. 1986 Nov; 145(5): 657–663.
• Screening for iron deficiency: an analysis based on bone-marrow examinations and serum ferritin determinations in a population sample of women.Br J Haematol. 1993 Dec;85(4):787-98.
• Interpreting raised serum ferritin levels.BMJ. 2015 Aug 3;351:h3692.

GGT (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase)

• Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians. CMAJ. 2005 Feb 1; 172(3): 367–379.
• Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: A Predictive Biomarker of Cellular Antioxidant Inadequacy and Disease Risk. Dis Markers. 2015; 2015: 818570.
• Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyltransferase. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Boston: Butterworths; 1990.
• Biomarkers of alcohol consumption and related liver disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2010 Sep;70(5):305-12.
• Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase and Risk of Heart Failure in the Community Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Sep; 30(9): 1855–1860.
• Gamma glutamyl transferase and metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality risk: the Framingham Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jan;27(1):127-33.
• Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression. Future Sci OA. 2018 Jan; 4(1): FSO250.
• Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2017 Jul; 13(7): 425–427.
• Are Lifestyle Therapies Effective for NAFLD Treatment? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Oct;30(10):701-709.
• EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1388-402.
• Influence of dietary macronutrients on liver fat accumulation and metabolism. J Investig Med. 2017 Dec;65(8):1102-1115.

HbA1c (Hämoglobin A1C)

• Significance of HbA1c Test in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Patients. Biomark Insights. 2016; 11: 95–104.
• Effect of baseline HbA1c level on the development of diabetes by lifestyle intervention in primary healthcare settings: insights from subanalysis of the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2014 Apr 23;2(1):e000003.
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: What is Diabetes? National Institute of Diabetes and Digestion and Kidney Diseases Health Information. National Institute of Health.
• Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Have all risk factors the same strength? World J Diabetes. 2014 Aug 15;5(4):444-70.
• Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec; 33(12): e147–e167.
• Effects of nutrition therapy on HbA1c and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr J. 2018; 17: 42.
• A carbohydrate-reduced high-protein diet improves HbA1c and liver fat content in weight stable participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2019 Nov;62(11):2066-2078.
• Clinically meaningful and lasting HbA1c improvement rarely occurs after 5 years of type 1 diabetes: an argument for early, targeted and aggressive intervention following diagnosis. Diabetologia. 2018 May;61(5):1064-1070.

HDL-Cholesterin

• Cholesterol. MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health.
• Increasing HDL-cholesterol and prevention of atherosclerosis: A critical perspective. Atheroscler Suppl. 2015 May;18:109-11.
• New insights into the mechanism of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obesity. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10: 176.
• Emerging Nutrition Science on Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritionists’ Perspectives. Adv Nutr. 2015 May; 6(3): 326S–337S.
• Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ. 2011 Feb 22;342:d636.
• Effect of thyroid dysfunction on high-density lipoprotein subfraction metabolism: roles of hepatic lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Aug;83(8):2921-4. 
• Lipid profile disorders induced by long-term cessation of physical activity in previously highly endurance-trained subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3377-84.
• Cigarette smoking and plasma cholesterol. Am Heart J. 1991 Jan;121(1 Pt 1):141-7.
• Association of extremely high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with endothelial dysfunction in men. J Clin Lipidol. 2019 Jun 20.
• 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):111-188.

hs-CRP (hochsensitives C-reaktives Protein)

• C Reactive Protein (CRP). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-.
• C-Reactive Protein: A Simple Test to Help Predict Risk of Heart Attack and Stroke. Circulation. 2003 Sep 23;108(12):e81-5.
• 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk. Circulation. 2014 Jun 24;129(25 Suppl 2):S49-73.
• Low-grade inflammation, diet composition and health: current research evidence and its translation. Br J Nutr. 2015 Oct 14; 114(7): 999–1012.
• Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002 Mar 5;105(9):1135-43.
• A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. Br J Nutr. 2013 Jan;109 Suppl 1:S1-34.
• Diet and lifestyle are associated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations in a population-based study. J Lab Clin Med. 2005 Jan;145(1):41-6.
• Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017 Jun 24;6(6).
• Association between cigarette smoking and C-reactive protein in a representative, population-based sample of adolescents. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Mar;10(3):525-32.
• C-reactive protein and hypertension J Hum Hypertens. 2014 Jul;28(7):410-5.
• The relationship between blood pressure and C-reactive protein in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Nov 15;46(10):1869-74
• C-reactive protein levels and body mass index: Elucidating direction of causation through reciprocal Mendelian randomization. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011 Feb; 35(2): 300–308.
• Body Mass Index, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Mortality in Chinese with Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8): e0135713.
• Effect of exercise training on C reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2017 Apr;51(8):670-676.
• Dietary inflammatory index and its relationship with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Korean: data from the health examinee cohort. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018 Jan; 62(1): 83–88.
• Associations of vitamin C status, fruit and vegetable intakes, and markers of inflammation and hemostasis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):567-74.
• Effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum C-reactive protein level: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Aug;69(8):867-73.
• The association of fruits, vegetables, antioxidant vitamins and fibre intake with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: sex and body mass index interactions. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov;63(11):1345-52.
• Association between dietary fiber and serum C-reactive protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Apr; 83(4): 760–766.
• Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Healthy Japanese Residents. J Nutr Health Aging. 2015 Aug;19(7):719-28.
• Impact of the dietary fatty acid intake on C-reactive protein levels in US adults. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb; 96(7): e5736.
• Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association–Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Dec 4;7(23):e011367.
• Effect of Nutritional Status and Dietary Patterns on Human Serum C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 Concentrations. Adv Nutr. 2015 Nov; 6(6): 738–747.
• Effect of Dietary Composition of Weight Loss Diets on High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: The Randomized POUNDS LOST Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Apr; 21(4): 681–689.
• Changes in C-Reactive Protein from Low-Fat Diet and/or Physical Activity in Men and Women With and Without Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolism. 2010 Jan; 59(1): 54–61.
• A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Reduces Serum C-Reactive Protein and Modestly Increases Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults. J Nutr. 2012 Feb; 142(2): 369–374.

Kreatinkinase

• Creatine-Kinase- and Exercise-Related Muscle Damage Implications for Muscle Performance and Recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012; 2012: 960363.
• Is it necessary to adjust current creatine kinase reference ranges to reflect levels found in professional footballers? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2018; 4(1): e000282.
• Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Oct; 31(10): 2920–2937.
• Exercise-induced muscle damage: What is it, what causes it and what are the nutritional solutions? Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Feb;19(1):71-85.
• Creatine kinase monitoring in sport medicine. Br Med Bull. 2007;81-82:209-30.
• Creatine Phosphokinase and Urea as Biochemical Markers of Muscle Injuries in Professional Football Players. Asian J Sports Med. 2018 ; 9(4):e60386.

Kupfer

• Copper deficiency, a new triad: anemia, leucopenia, and myeloneuropathy. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017 Oct; 7(4): 265–268.
• Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2016 May;35:107-15.
• Copper, oxidative stress, and human health. Mol Aspects Med. 2005 Aug-Oct;26(4-5):268-98.
• Health Effects of Copper Deficiencies. National Research Council (US) Committee on Copper in Drinking Water. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000.
• Copper overload and deficiency both adversely affect the central nervous system of Drosophila. Metallomics. 2014 Dec;6(12):2223-9.

LDL-Cholesterin

• Cholesterol. MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health.
• Cholesterol Levels. MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health.
• Emerging Nutrition Science on Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritionists’ Perspectives. Adv Nutr. 2015 May; 6(3): 326S–337S.
• Comparison of Aerobic Exercise, Diet or Both on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr; 31(2): 156–167.
• Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. BMJ. 1997 Jan 11; 314(7074): 112–117.
• Lipid profile disorders induced by long-term cessation of physical activity in previously highly endurance-trained subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3377-84.
• Cigarette smoking and plasma cholesterol. Am Heart J. 1991 Jan;121(1 Pt 1):141-7.
• Diagnosing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia using new practical criteria validated by molecular genetics. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Jul 15;72(2):171-6.
• 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):111-188.

Magnesium

• Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheets. National Institute of Health.
• Magnesium in clinical medicine. Front Biosci. 2004 May 1;9:1278-93.
• Dietary magnesium intake, bone mineral density and risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Apr;27(4):1389-1399.
• Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise. Magnes Res. 2006 Sep;19(3):180-9.
• The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men. Int J Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 525249.
• Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2012 Apr 24;78(17):1346-53.
• Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb; 5(Suppl 1): i3–i14.

Omega-3 und Omega-6 Fettsäuren

• The importance of the omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Jun;233(6):674-88.
• Too much linoleic acid promotes inflammation-doesn’t it? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2008 Sep-Nov;79(3-5):173-5.
• UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: the effects of the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular health. Br J Nutr. 2007 Dec;98(6):1305-10.
• Fast food fever: reviewing the impacts of the Western diet on immunity. Nutr J. 2014; 13: 61.
• Prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jun;98(3):355-77.
• The omega-3 index as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1997S-2002S.
• Omega-3 fatty acids: An update emphasizing clinical use. Agro Food Ind Hi Tech. 2012 July/August; 23(4): 10–13.
• Effects of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on visual and cognitive development throughout childhood: a review of human studies. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2007 Apr;76(4):189-203.
• Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Front Aging Neurosci. 2015; 7: 52.
• Nutrient biomarker patterns, cognitive function, and fMRI measures of network efficiency in the aging brain. Neuroimage. 2019 Mar;188:239-251.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Office of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheets. National Institute of Health.  

SHBG (Sexualhormon-bindendes Globulin)

• Cross-sectional and longitudinal determinants of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in a cohort of community-dwelling men. PLoS One. 2018; 13(7): e0200078.
• The biomarker sex hormone-binding globulin – from established applications to emerging trends in clinical medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Oct;29(5):749-60.
• Sex hormone-binding globulin regulation of androgen bioactivity in vivo: validation of the free hormone hypothesis. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 35539.
• Sex hormone binding globulin levels across the adult lifespan in women – The role of body mass index and fasting insulin. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008 Jul; 31(7): 597–601.
• Basal Endogenous Steroid Hormones, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Physical Fitness, and Health Risk Factors in Young Adult Men. Front Physiol. 2018; 9: 1005.
• Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men. N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 17; 361(12): 1152–1163.
• Diet and sex hormone-binding globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan;85(1):293-6.
• Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex hormone concentrations in men. Aging Cell. 2010 Apr; 9(2): 236–242.
• Biomarkers in Sports and Exercise: Tracking Health, Performance, and Recovery in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Oct; 31(10): 2920–2937.
• Hormonal response patterns are differentially influenced by physical conditioning programs during basic military training. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Nov;20 Suppl 4:S98-S103.
• Serum sex hormone-binding globulin and cortisol concentrations are associated with overreaching during strenuous military training. J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Mar;25(3):787-97.
• The effect of combined oral contraception on testosterone levels in healthy women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2014 Jan; 20(1): 76–105.

T3 & T4 (Schilddrüsenhormone)

• Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014 Apr; 94(2): 355–382.
• Biochemical Testing of the Thyroid: TSH is the Best and, Oftentimes, Only Test Needed – A Review for Primary Care. Clin Med Res. 2016 Jun; 14(2): 83–92.
• Hypothyroidism – new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010 Apr-Jun; 14(2): 82–87.
• Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):203-21.
• The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39-51.
• Hyperthyroidism. Lancet. 2016 Aug 27; 388(10047): 906–918.
• Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec 1; 24(12): 1670–1751.

Testosteron

• Androgens and erythropoiesis: past and present. J Endocrinol Invest. 2009 Sep;32(8):704-16. 
• Testosterone alters iron metabolism and stimulates red blood cell production independently of dihydrotestosterone. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Sep 1; 307(5): E456–E461.
• Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;85(9):3276-82.
• Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men. J Clin Invest. 2000 Dec 15; 106(12): 1553–1560.
• The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;91(7):2509-13. Epub 2006 May 2.
• Testosterone and weight loss: the evidence Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014 Oct; 21(5): 313–322. 
• Obesity and androgens: facts and perspectives. Fertil Steril. 2006 May;85(5):1319-40.
• The effect of testosterone levels on mood in men: a review. Psychosomatics. 2013 Nov-Dec;54(6):509-14. 
• Testosterone deficiency in women. J Reprod Med. 2001 Mar;46(3 Suppl):291-6.
• Testosterone in women–the clinical significance. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Dec;3(12):980-92.
• The Interplay between Magnesium and Testosterone in Modulating Physical Function in Men. Int J Endocrinol. 2014; 2014: 525249.
• Magnesium and anabolic hormones in older men. Int J Androl. 2011 Dec;34(6 Pt 2):e594-600.
• Effects of magnesium supplementation on testosterone levels of athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and after exhaustion. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011 Apr;140(1):18-23.
• Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996 May;12(5):344-8.
• Association between plasma 25-OH vitamin D and testosterone levels in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012 Jul;77(1):106-12.
• Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men. Horm Metab Res. 2011 Mar;43(3):223-5.
• Sleep regulation and sex hormones exposure in men and women across adulthood. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2014 Oct;62(5):302-10.
• Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men. Asian J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;6(4):e23808.
• Hormonal responses after a strength endurance resistance exercise protocol in young and elderly males. Int J Sports Med. 2007 May;28(5):401-6.
• Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med. 2005;35(4):339-61. 
• Overtraining Syndrome. Sports Health. 2012 Mar; 4(2): 128–138.
• Testosterone and prostate cancer: an evidence-based review of pathogenesis and oncologic risk. Ther Adv Urol. 2015 Dec; 7(6): 378–387.
• Testosterone and cardiovascular disease in men. Asian J Androl. 2012 May; 14(3): 428–435.
• High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers. Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Sep 22; 274(1623): 2327–2330.

t-Cholesterin

• Cholesterol. MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health.
• Cholesterol Levels. MedlinePlus. National Institute of Health.
• Raised Cholesterol: Situation and Trends. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. World Health Organization.
• Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. BMJ. 1997 Jan 11; 314(7074): 112–117.
• Lipid profile disorders induced by long-term cessation of physical activity in previously highly endurance-trained subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;89(7):3377-84.
• Quantitative assessment of the effects of beta-glucan consumption on serum lipid profile and glucose level in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015 Aug;25(8):714-23. 
• Comparison of Aerobic Exercise, Diet or Both on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr; 31(2): 156–167.
• Cigarette smoking and plasma cholesterol. Am Heart J. 1991 Jan;121(1 Pt 1):141-7.
• Diagnosing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia using new practical criteria validated by molecular genetics. Am J Cardiol. 1993 Jul 15;72(2):171-6.
• 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):111-188.

Triglyceride

• Emerging Nutrition Science on Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Nutritionists’ Perspectives. Adv Nutr. 2015 May; 6(3): 326S–337S.
• The Role of Triglycerides in Atherosclerosis Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011 Dec; 13(6): 544–552.
• Regulation of plasma triglycerides in insulin resistance and diabetes. Arch Med Res. 2005 May-Jun;36(3):232-40. 
• Comparison of Aerobic Exercise, Diet or Both on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr. 2012 Apr; 31(2): 156–167.
• 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020 Jan 1;41(1):111-188.

TSH (schilddrüsenstimulierende Hormon)

• Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Metabolism. Physiol Rev. 2014 Apr; 94(2): 355–382.
• Biochemical Testing of the Thyroid: TSH is the Best and, Oftentimes, Only Test Needed – A Review for Primary Care. Clin Med Res. 2016 Jun; 14(2): 83–92.
• Hypothyroidism – new aspects of an old disease. Hippokratia. 2010 Apr-Jun; 14(2): 82–87.
• Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):203-21.
• The epidemiology of thyroid disease. Br Med Bull. 2011;99:39-51.
• Hyperthyroidism. Lancet. 2016 Aug 27; 388(10047): 906–918.
• Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec 1; 24(12): 1670–1751.
• Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease, with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):34-44.

Vitamin B12

• Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheets. National Institute of Health.
• Nutritional aspects of depression. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;37(3):1029-43.
• Folate, vitamin B12, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nutr Rev. 1996 Dec;54(12):382-90.
• The effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on older veterans and its relationship to health. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998 Oct;46(10):1199-206.
• Fundic atrophic gastritis in an elderly population. Effect on hemoglobin and several serum nutritional indicators. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986 Nov;34(11):800-6.

Vitamin D

• A Dermatologist’s Perspective on Vitamin D Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Apr; 87(4): 372–380.
• What is all this commotion about vitamin D? J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb;130(2):321-6.
• Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1080S-6S.
• Vitamin D status and biomarkers of inflammation in runners. Open Access J Sports Med. 2012 Apr 27;3:35-42.
• Sports Health Benefits of Vitamin D. Sports Health. 2012 Nov; 4(6): 496–501.
• Effect of vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004 Apr 28;291(16):1999-2006.
• Fracture prevention with vitamin D supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2005 May 11;293(18):2257-64.
• Factors that Influence the Cutaneous Synthesis and Dietary Sources of Vitamin D Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Apr 15; 460(2): 213–217.
• Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Aug;67(2):373-8.
• Vitamin D and Depression: Where is all the Sunshine? Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2010 Jun; 31(6): 385–393.
• Diet, sun, and lifestyle as determinants of vitamin D status. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014 May;1317:92-8.
• Smoking is a significant determinant of low serum vitamin D in young and middle-aged healthy males. Hormones (Athens). 2015 Apr-Jun;14(2):245-50.
• Vitamin D and physical performance.Sports Med. 2013 Jul;43(7):601-11.
• Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: a systematic-review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015 Mar;45(3):365-78.
• Why the IOM Recommendations for Vitamin D Are Deficient.J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Mar;26(3):455-7.

Zink

• Zinc Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Office of Dietary Supplements Fact Sheets. National Institute of Health.
• Impact of the discovery of human zinc deficiency on health. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Jun;28(3):257-65.
• Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Nov;12(6):646-52.
• Vitamin and mineral status: effects on physical performance. Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):632-44.
• Zinc Therapy in Dermatology: A Review. Dermatol Res Pract. 2014; 2014: 709152.
• Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition. 1996 May;12(5):344-8.
• Zinc in the central nervous system: From molecules to behavior. Biofactors. 2012 May-Jun; 38(3): 186–193.
• Zinc for the treatment of the common cold: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CMAJ. 2012 Jul 10; 184(10): E551–E561.
• The Emerging Role for Zinc in Depression and Psychosis. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 8: 414.
• Zinc in depression: a meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Dec 15;74(12):872-8.
• Function and mechanism of zinc metalloenzymes. J Nutr. 2000 May;130(5S Suppl):1437S-46S.
• Zinc status in athletes: relation to diet and exercise. Sports Med. 2001;31(8):577-82.
• Role of nutritional zinc in the prevention of osteoporosis. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 May;338(1-2):241-54.